Gorilla Families in Congo: Exploring the Mountain and Lowland Gorilla Groups of the DRC

Gorilla families in Congo offer a rare and unforgettable wildlife experience for those seeking to encounter both mountain and eastern lowland gorillas in their natural habitats. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the only country in the world where both of these subspecies live side by side—mountain gorillas in Virunga National Park, and eastern lowland gorillas in Kahuzi-Biega National Park. Each gorilla family has a distinct social structure, location, and personality, making every trekking encounter unique. Understanding these families not only deepens your appreciation for the experience but also highlights the success of conservation efforts in one of Africa’s most biodiverse yet fragile regions.

An Introduction to Gorilla Trekking in the DRC

Gorilla trekking in the Congo is less commercialized than in Rwanda or Uganda, which makes the experience feel more raw and adventurous. However, it also requires more preparation and courage due to logistical challenges, security considerations, and rugged terrain.

Two Types of Gorillas in the DRC:

1. Mountain Gorillas – Found in Virunga National Park, part of the Virunga Massif shared with Rwanda and Uganda.

2. Eastern Lowland Gorillas – Found in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, near Bukavu in eastern DRC. These are the largest of all gorilla subspecies.

Gorilla Families in Virunga National Park (Mountain Gorillas)

Virunga National Park is the oldest national park in Africa and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Despite periods of insecurity and temporary closures, the park continues to operate world-class gorilla trekking experiences under strict conservation standards.

1. Rugendo Family

• Size: ~9 members

• Location: Mikeno Sector, southern Virunga

• Notable For: One of the first habituated groups in the park

The Rugendo group was one of the original mountain gorilla families habituated for tourism in the 1980s. Over the years, the group has endured poaching tragedies, leadership changes, and recovery. It is currently led by a silverback descended from the original Rugendo.

2. Munyaga Family

• Size: ~7–10 members

• Notable Feature: A mix of orphans and adopted members

• Leader: Silverback Munyaga (now succeeded)

This group formed after some young gorillas were left orphaned and later joined forces under the leadership of Munyaga. The group reflects the resilience and adaptability of gorillas in the wild.

3. Humba Family

• Size: ~10–15 members

• Relation: Humba is a son of Rugendo (split from original group)

• Personality: Calm and less aggressive

The Humba group is known for its relatively stable social dynamics and is considered one of the more peaceful groups in the park. It is ideal for visitors looking for a moderate trek and a relaxed viewing experience.

4. Mapuwa Family

• Size: ~15–20 members

• Origin: Formed by silverback Mapuwa, who left the Rugendo group

• Traits: Protective leadership and strong cohesion

The Mapuwa group is larger and sometimes requires a longer trek to locate, depending on their foraging habits. It’s a rewarding trek for those who want to observe complex family behavior and interactions among juveniles.

5. Bageni Family

• Size: ~25–30 members (largest group in Virunga)

• Leader: Silverback Bageni

• Known For: Massive size and frequent group fissioning

The Bageni family split from the Mapuwa group and has grown significantly. Its large size offers incredible opportunities to observe interactions among multiple females, blackbacks, and infants. Due to its size and range, the trek to find this group can be challenging but rewarding.

6. Nyakamwe Family

• Size: ~12–15 members

• Named After: Silverback Nyakamwe, a former member of the Rugendo lineage

• Location: Slopes of Mikeno volcano

A relatively newer group, Nyakamwe’s family has become increasingly popular due to its stable structure and consistent presence in the southern part of the park.

Gorilla Families in Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Eastern Lowland Gorillas)

Kahuzi-Biega National Park, near Lake Kivu and the town of Bukavu, is the only place in the world where visitors can trek to see eastern lowland gorillas—the largest of all gorilla species. These gorillas have flatter faces, shorter limbs, and more robust builds than mountain gorillas.

1. Chimanuka Family

• Size: ~20–25 members

• Leader: Silverback Chimanuka (now succeeded by Mugaruka or other successors)

• Notable For: Long-established, peaceful group with many offspring

The Chimanuka family is the most well-known lowland gorilla group in the park. Led for years by the dominant silverback Chimanuka, the group gained fame for its gentle interactions and tolerance of researchers and tourists. Even after the passing or dispersal of Chimanuka, the group remains central to gorilla tourism in Kahuzi-Biega.

2. Mugaruka Family

• Size: Smaller group

• Notable Story: Mugaruka was a solitary silverback after losing a hand in a snare

• Symbol of: Gorilla survival against poaching

Mugaruka roamed alone for years but has sometimes been observed with a few females or in areas overlapping with the Chimanuka group. His story has become a powerful symbol in local conservation education.

3. Other Emerging Groups

Due to ongoing conservation and research efforts, new groups are being habituated. Park authorities are working to expand sustainable tourism while protecting the lowland gorilla population, which remains under threat from habitat loss and conflict in the region.

Key Differences Between Gorilla Families in Virunga and Kahuzi-Biega

Responsible Trekking and Gorilla Protection

Visiting gorilla families in Congo helps fund essential conservation programs, including:

• Anti-poaching patrols

• Community engagement

• Ranger training and salaries

• Veterinary care through programs like Gorilla Doctors

Visitors must attend a pre-trek briefing, follow strict health and distance protocols, and obtain permits in advance. Gorilla trekking in Congo is safe when organized through registered tour operators and supported by park authorities.

The gorilla families of the DRC offer a rare and intimate glimpse into the lives of one of our closest relatives in the animal kingdom. Whether you’re hiking through the volcanic slopes of Virunga to find the Bageni group or exploring the lush jungles of Kahuzi-Biega with the Chimanuka family, your journey is more than a wildlife encounter—it’s a contribution to the protection of a species on the brink.

Despite its challenges, the Congo remains one of the most authentic and rewarding destinations for gorilla trekking in Africa. For seasoned travelers, conservationists, and those seeking meaningful adventure, visiting the gorilla families of the DRC is a life-changing experience.